The Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research
The Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research (JTAR) ISSN(Print): 1556-5106, ISSN(Online): 3069-1028, is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal dedicated to the advancement of accounting theory. Since its establishment in 2005, JTAR has served as a scholarly platform for rigorous and innovative research that deepens the understanding of accounting concepts, frameworks, and their implications across economic, regulatory, and organizational environments. JTAR emphasizes high-quality theoretical contributions that challenge conventional perspectives and stimulate critical discourse. The journal covers a wide range of topics including financial and managerial accounting, auditing, accounting ethics, corporate governance, sustainability accounting, and interdisciplinary approaches that intersect with economics, sociology, law, and information systems. Published biannually, JTAR maintains a strict double-blind peer review process to ensure the integrity, relevance, and academic quality of all published work. As an open-access journal, all articles are freely and permanently accessible to a global readership, promoting inclusive and unrestricted knowledge sharing. With a diverse international editorial board and a strong commitment to ethical publishing standards, JTAR is a vital resource for researchers, educators, practitioners, and policymakers who seek to engage with the theoretical foundations and evolving directions of accounting thought.
A Study of Relationship Between International Performance and ESG Rating of Pharmaceutical Companies in India
This study examines how international performance shapes sustainability accounting outcomes in Indian pharmaceutical companies by conceptualizing ESG ratings as proxies for firms’ sustainability accounting practices. Drawing on stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory, and institutional theory, the study explains how international exposure alters disclosure pressures and legitimacy demands, thereby influencing ESG accounting dimensions differently. Using CRISIL ESG ratings for 45 Indian pharmaceutical companies for March 2025, the study empirically tests theory-driven propositions linking export intensity, international market reach, and geographic dispersion of operations to ESG, environmental, social, and governance accounting outcomes. The findings indicate that international performance is significantly associated with overall ESG ratings and environmental accounting outcomes, while social and governance dimensions remain largely unaffected. These results suggest that environmental accounting practices are more responsive to transnational legitimacy pressures, whereas social and governance accounting practices remain institutionally embedded within the domestic regulatory context. By positioning ESG ratings as secondary sustainability accounting information systems, this study advances sustainability accounting theory by explaining how internationalization reshapes disclosure in emerging-market firms beyond financial performance considerations.
ESG rating, sustainability accounting, international performance, pharmaceutical industry, emerging markets
Copyright (c) 2025 Ms. Poorti Gangal, Dr. Ashish M. Puranik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Toward A Theory Of Accounting Citizenship: Personality And Social Support Mechanisms
Contemporary accounting theory increasingly recognizes that effective governance, accountability, and ethical reporting rely not only on formal standards and controls but also on discretionary, citizenship-oriented behaviors that support stewardship and cooperative governance. Building on this perspective, the present study theorizes accounting citizenship as a distinct form of discretionary, extra-role behavior that underpins accounting governance and accountability, particularly at the pre-professional stage of accounting formation. Drawing on personality theory and social exchange perspectives, the study develops a conceptual framework explaining how Big Five personality traits shape accounting citizenship and how social support mechanisms parental autonomy support, authority support, and team-member exchange condition the expression of these traits. Pre-professional students are treated as formation-stage accounting actors, allowing the study to theorize how governance-oriented discretionary behavior develops before entry into professional accounting roles. By identifying the behavioral microfoundations and social mechanisms through which accounting citizenship emerges, the study advances accounting theory by extending stewardship and governance perspectives beyond formal control structures. The proposed framework offers theoretical implications for accounting governance, auditing collaboration, and sustainability-oriented reporting by highlighting the central role of social context in fostering discretionary accounting citizenship.
Accounting Theory; Accounting Citizenship; Behavioral Foundations of Accounting; Governance and Stewardship
Copyright (c) 2025 Rajarshi Majumder, Dr. Prasanjit Dasgupta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Mesopotamian Ledgers to IFRS 3: A Critical Inquiry into Historical Evolution, Theoretical Paradigms and Emerging Hybrid Models in Goodwill Accounting and Technological Impact
Goodwill has travelled a long conceptual and regulatory journey—from a loosely understood commercial custom in nineteenth-century legal practice to a highly codified but still controversial element of contemporary financial reporting. The movement from cost-based amortization regimes to the impairment-only model under IFRS 3 is not merely a technical change in measurement; it reflects deeper philosophical negotiations about what financial statements are meant to do, whom they are designed to serve, and how uncertain future-oriented benefits should be represented. This paper examines the historical evolution of goodwill accounting, the theoretical paradigms that underpin competing treatments, the practical consequences of the current impairment-only regime and the technological impact. Drawing on historical analysis, interpretive reading of standards, and conceptual synthesis, the paper argues that goodwill accounting embodies a persistent tension between stewardship-oriented prudence and neo liberal valuation logic grounded in investor decision-usefulness. Neither pure amortization nor pure impairment adequately resolves this tension. The paper therefore proposes an emerging hybrid paradigm that combines disciplined amortization with trigger-based impairment, supported by enhanced technological disclosure and governance oversight. This hybrid model is presented as a more conceptually coherent, ethically defensible, and decision-useful way of representing goodwill.
Goodwill; IFRS 3; Stewardship; Impairment; Amortization; Intangibles; Financial Reporting.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bikramjit Pal, Abhijit Pandit (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Combined Role Of Fintech Adoption And Financial Literacy For Sustainable Financial Inclusion In India
Financial inclusion in India has traditionally been examined as a problem of access to financial services; however, this study reconceptualizes the issue as a gap in accounting systems, particularly in the production, interpretation, and use of accounting information in digital environments. Drawing on accounting information usefulness and accountability perspectives, the paper argues that Fintech should be understood not merely as a financial delivery mechanism but as a digital accounting infrastructure that reshapes record-keeping, transaction visibility, and individual accountability. Existing research largely overlooks how Fintech adoption and financial literacy interact as accounting capabilities, thereby limiting theoretical explanations of inclusion in digitally mediated economies. Using survey data from rural India, this study examines Fintech adoption and financial literacy as proxies for accounting information accessibility, reliability, and user competence, and evaluates their joint influence on financial inclusion outcomes. The findings indicate that while Fintech adoption enhances access to accounting records and transaction traceability, financial literacy plays a more decisive role in enabling individuals to interpret, trust, and effectively use accounting information. This suggests that digital accounting systems alone do not ensure accountability unless users possess the literacy required to engage with them meaningfully. The study extends accounting theory by demonstrating how Fintech transforms the locus of accounting from organizational systems to individual users, highlighting the importance of accounting literacy in sustaining accountability within digital financial ecosystems.
Fintech adoption, Financial literacy, Financial inclusion, Digital Financial Services, Rural India
Copyright (c) 2026 Pradeep Singh, Dr. Rupinder Katoch (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Comparative study between returns on RSI and Stochastic RSI using the Buy and Hold Strategy on Indian Equities
The research will focus on trying to establish the better returns on Stochastic RSI in comparison to Relative Strength Index. The study puts technical trading indicators in context of financial econometrics, performance analysis via accounting, to fill the gap between market-based indicators, on the one hand, and theoretical models of predictability of returns in finance, on the other. The hindrance on the way is the absence of evident research on what indicator gathers more effectively. Design, Methodology and Approach: With the help of hypothesis testing supported by python we test the performance of 23 equities of various sectors to determine whether the returns on the 23 equities combined outperform the lagging Relative Strength Index with the help of the StochasticRSI. At the same time we also can test the performance of the two indicators on the said equities in order to know whether a selectively pointed approach gives us an outcome in which we can know what indicator to use on what equity. Findings: The study gives tangible understanding of the performance of the indicators and assists in advising which indicator to trade which equity in order to get better returns. We are able to determine the equities that StochasticRSI is performing better than RSI. We also determine performance of StochasticRSI v/s RSI performance on sample we are testing. Research Limitations: Trading costs have not been included. With these costs in mind, we will have a better picture. The sample is small and does not work on the whole universe of equities in Indian Equity Market.
StochasticRSI, RSI, Buy and Hold Strategy, Indian Equity Market, Hypothesis Test, Divergence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aman Himanshu Mehta, Veerendra Anchan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analyzing The Impact Of Self-Efficacy And Emotional Intelligence On Life Satisfaction Among Faculty Of Higher Education Institutes In India: A Pls-Sem Approach
Purpose- In the rapidly changing academic environment characterized by increased workload, performance pressures, and evolving pedagogical demands, understanding faculty life satisfaction is essential. Their satisfaction directly influences teaching quality, research productivity, student outcomes, and the institutional functioning. Psychological traits play a major role in shaping life satisfaction. Thus, self-efficacy (S.E.) and emotional intelligence (EI) thought to be key personal resources that enable faculty to manage stress, foster positive relationships, and maintain motivation. Thus, this study examines how S.E. and EI impact faculty’s life satisfaction in Indian higher education institutions. Design/methodology/approach- The standardised questionnaires have been used to measure self-efficacy (SE), emotional intelligence (EI), and life satisfaction. Data have been collected from 500 faculty across the top 200 NIRF-ranked higher education institutes in India. PLS- SEM has been used to analyzed the data.. Findings-The results reveal that various aspects of self-efficacy and emotional intelligence have a significant impact on life satisfaction among faculty of higher education institutes in India. Practical Implications- Understanding the dominance of S.E. and EI on life satisfaction suggests that faculty who appreciate these qualities are more likely to experience greater personal and professional satisfaction. It also facilitates institutions to develop a motivated and emotionally skilled faculty, which results in long-term academic success. This understanding also aids in improving faculty retention, performance, and productivity. Originality/value- The present study offers profound understanding for both faculty and higher education institutions by underscoring the importance of psychological competencies in enhancing faculty life satisfaction. It encourages individuals to recognize and develop these skills and assists institutions in fostering greater research performance, improving student outcomes, and promoting overall academic advancement.
emotional intelligence; self-efficacy; life satisfaction; faculty; higher education institutes
Copyright (c) 2026 Leena, Dr. Raminder Pal Singh, Dr. Kiranjeet Kaur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Governance Quality, Sustainability Accounting and Environmental Accountability: A Panel Data Analysis of Environmental Degradation in Developing Economies
This study examines the impact of governance quality on environmental degradation using panel data from 75 developing countries (1996-2020). It finds that stronger governance significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions through enhanced accountability, disclosure credibility, and enforcement of sustainability reporting standards. The study advances sustainability accounting and governance theory by articulating accountability and disclosure assurance as mechanisms linking governance quality to environmental outcomes, with implications for both theory and practice in environmental and sustainability reporting.
Sustainability accounting; Environmental accountability; ESG reporting credibility; Governance and disclosure; Assurance and enforcement; Environmental degradation
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Ashmita Kesar, Dr. Syed Kumail Sajjad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Adapting Corporate Valuation Models to the Technology Sector: A Sector-Specific Framework Integrating Intangibles and User-Based Metrics
Valuing technology firms poses challenges that are hard for multiples and customary models, such as for example Discounted Cash Flow (DCF), to address also. These approaches are widely used in practice while they rely heavily on concrete assets and short-term cash flows since much of the value embedded in intangibles and user ecosystems is underrepresented. Current practice remains fragmented. Analysts often use extra commentary on user metrics to help DCF or multiples while venture capitalists depend on exit models or scorecards, like monthly active users, ARPU, churn, or SaaS-specific measures like ARR multiples. Yet even these adjustments still lack any standardization. Furthermore, no one systematically integrates these adjustments within valuation models. This study proposes a programmable valuation framework specific for sectors embedding intangible-based measures (R&D capitalization, patent intensity, intangible-to-concrete ratios) and user-based metrics (MAUs, ARPU, CAC, churn) into valuation methodologies. Startups like UiPath and Palantir, growth firms like Shopify and Zoom, and mature giants like Apple and Microsoft show through tests of this framework how integrating the variables bridges the persistent gap from market capitalization to customary valuation outputs. The contribution represents a reproducible structured model as it moves past fragmented adjustments; it gives analysts, investors, plus policymakers a stronger tool for valuing technology-driven enterprises and valuation frameworks.
Tech Valuation, User-based metrics, intangible assets, corporate finance, discounted cash flow
Copyright (c) 2025 Ms. Sanika Deshmukh,, Prof. Amit Bathia, Prof. Apurva Mehta, Dr. Jyoti Mehndiratta Kappal, Prof. Bineet Desai, Dr. Hemal Thakker (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strategic Human Resource Management and Organizational Accounting: Exploring the Impact of HR Policies on Cost Efficiency, Productivity, and Profitability
As the world has turned into a competitive environment, organization with technological change and complexity, Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) combination with functional functions such as accounting, finance, business administration and organizational behavior has become a critical component of guaranteeing a sustainable competitive advantage. The paper provides a comprehensive integrative model that correlates SHRM activities with financial responsibility, behavioral efficiency, and strategic responsiveness. The study relies on the Resource-Based View (RBV) and the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) theory in the conceptualization of human capital as a dynamic strategic resource that enables actual financial performance and intangible behavioral prospects. The study will be based on a mixed-method format and will imply the incorporation of quantitative and qualitative information gathered by the corporate HR and finance departments and semi-structured interviews with senior managers, respectively. The analysis looks at the mediating variable of organizational behavior particularly motivation, engagement and culture and the moderating variable of accounting transparency and financial governance. Findings show that, the strategic alignments within the HR practices enhance the culture of high performance, cross-functional cooperation and financial performance under the condition of good financial management and business strategy. The theoretical contribution of the study is the integration of functional silos through interdisciplinary model of SHRM and gives practical implications to the executives who want to balance human capital policies with corporate and financial objectives. The integrative approach helps in the formulation of the argument regarding strategic management since SHRM is at the heart of sustainable performance of organizations.
Strategic Human Resource Management, Accounting Integration, Financial Performance, Organizational Behavior, Business Administration, Sustainable Performance
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Manoj P. K., Dr.Vaibhav Modak, Dr. Sheetalba Rana, Dr. Ankita Singh, Dr chand tandon (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Green Finance and Sustainable Development: A Financial Analysis of ESG Investments
The growing emphasis on sustainable development and responsible investing has elevated the importance of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors within financial decision-making. Traditional accounting frameworks, focused predominantly on short-term profitability, are increasingly misaligned with the broader imperatives of green finance and long-term stakeholder value. The study explores the theoretical integration of ESG principles into accounting systems, aiming to contribute to the evolution of sustainable financial reporting and governance models. Adopting a qualitative, theoretical research methodology, the study conducted a structured literature synthesis of conceptual, normative, and institutional perspectives. The analysis was based on secondary sources, including peer-reviewed academic literature, policy documents, and theoretical models spanning ESG investment, accounting theory, and sustainability disclosure. The findings reveal that ESG integration necessitates a fundamental shift in accounting logic, moving beyond shareholder-centric valuation. Key theoretical outcomes include an ESG disclosure continuum, a stakeholder versus shareholder governance model, and a conceptual framework for ESG-integrated accounting systems. These models highlight the role of intangible value drivers, institutional pressures, and governance dynamics in shaping sustainable financial practices. The study underscores the need for accounting systems to evolve in response to ESG imperatives. It offers theoretical insights for academics, practitioners, and regulators, and recommends future empirical validation and digital finance applications to operationalize ESG-aligned accounting.
ESG integration, sustainable accounting, stakeholder value, disclosure continuum, green finance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Manoj P. K, Shailendra Kumar Singh, Dr. Abhilash N, Muralidhar V, A. Ruban Christopher, Simranpreet Kaur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sustainable financial management and corporate social responsibility: strategies for balancing profitability and ethical business practices
The study formulates a conceptual model that harmonises ethical responsibility and financial management into one model of sustainable corporate governance. This research seeks to account for how profitability, ethics, and governance mutually interact to produce long-term fiscal stability and organisational legitimacy. A conceptual and theoretical research study design was employed by relying on the well-established theory of stakeholder, legitimacy, and agency theories. The study integrates both literature available and data simulations to construct and experiment the Sustainable Financial-Responsibility Integration Framework. Postulations of analytical modelling and theoretical blending were used to show how the participation of ethical investment and transparent governance would result into financial performance. The research results depict that the increase in profitability increases gradually as the ethical compliance and responsible investment improve. The major causal factors of long-term organisational success were stakeholder accountability, ethical governance and financial sustainability. The model of moral responsibility proved that financial performance is strengthened, rather than restrained, by moral responsibility which was validated by the virtual relationships. The model puts in place a strategic path in the organisations to incorporate ethical values in financial decision making. It concentrates on transparent reporting, investing in ethical manner and integrity in governing as a way of achieving long term profitability and confidence of the stakeholders. The study comes to the conclusion that sustainability profitability is achieved when financial objectives align themselves to ethical governance. Moral responsibility in the financial sector makes organisations more resilient, legitimate, and generate long-term value and positively influence the society and the welfare of stakeholders.
Sustainable financial management, corporate social responsibility, ethical governance, sustainability reporting, responsible investment, financial accountability
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Manoj P. K, Raja Ghosh, Dr Surekha Nayak, Dr Smitha S, Pinkesh Kumar, Dr. Sandeep Kumar Singh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Finance in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
This study explores the ways in which financial instruments can be used to facilitate the advancement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study analyzes different financial tools, their efficiency, and the issues relating to sufficient financing. Through a mixed-methods research design, the research integrates qualitative findings from interviews with the principal SDG finance actors and quantitative information on cross-border financial flows taken from institutions and SDG-tracking websites. The research indicates that the highest percentage of financial resources is channeled into health, education, and climate action, whereas infrastructure and clean water are funded less. Higher life expectancy and literacy rates are associated with greater investment in health and education, according to regression analysis, while lower greenhouse gas emissions are strongly associated with financial flows in climate financing. Nevertheless, it is revealed that impoverished nations cannot access sufficient funds, especially to implement infrastructural and climate adjustment initiatives, and that rich nations have enormous financing gaps. It was discovered that ineffective SDG funding was being influenced by poor governance and unstable political conditions, as well as the inability to fund the objectives locally. According to the document, the aforementioned issues can be solved through the enhancement of transparency in financial reporting, better local governance, and financial integration. Overall, in order to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the SDG financing gap should be plugged by aid of scaling up innovative finance models and institutionalizing capacity.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); SDG financing; innovative finance; governance; institutional capacity; climate action
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Manoj P. K., Dr. Chaitanya, Dr Urvashi Anand Ohri, Dr. Amitabh Satapathy, T N Kavitha, Dr. Manish Agarwal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Strategic Management: Effects on Customer Loyalty and Business Growth
Strategic integration of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is no longer a competitive advantage—it is a prerequisite for sustained organizational growth and customer retention in the digital age. This study critically examines how CRM–Strategic Integration influences two pivotal business outcomes: customer loyalty and business growth. Drawing on data from 420 senior professionals across CRM-intensive service industries, the research utilizes Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess direct, mediating, and moderating relationships among core constructs, including adaptive behavior, CRM maturity, and organizational readiness. The results demonstrate that CRM–Strategic Integration significantly enhances both loyalty and growth outcomes. Adaptive behavior partially mediates the relationship between CRM integration and customer loyalty, highlighting the essential role of employee agility in translating technological capability into relational value. Additionally, CRM maturity positively moderates the CRM–growth linkage, while organizational readiness strengthens the effect on loyalty, underscoring the internal contextual dependencies required for CRM to yield strategic benefits. Theoretically, this study advances CRM scholarship by reconceptualizing CRM as a dynamic organizational capability embedded in strategy, behavior, and technological maturity. It extends beyond techno-operational models, integrating CRM into the discourse of strategic alignment and capability development. From a managerial perspective, the study calls for a holistic approach to CRM investment, advocating for readiness audits, maturity assessments, and cross-functional alignment. These findings offer a blueprint for organizations aiming to reposition CRM from a support tool to a growth catalyst. Future research should explore longitudinal impacts and industry-specific applications of CRM–Strategic Integration.
Strategic CRM Integration, Customer Loyalty, Business Growth, Adaptive Behavior, Organizational Readiness
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Manoj P. K, Dr Vipin Kumar, Dr. Gagandeep kaur, Dr Mala Dani, Dr Vibhuti sharma, Dr Raj Kumar Singh, Dr. Abbas Vattoli (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Carbon Disclosure into Accounting Theory: Evidence from Global Emissions and Financial Indicators of SAARC nations.
This study has been done to analyse the integration of carbon disclosure with accounting theory by determining the relationship between financial and environmental factors across six SAARC nations (Bhutan, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Pakistan). The study aim to analyse the effect of carbon emissions, renewable energy consumption, financial development on gross savings as a measure of macroeconomic resilience. Random Effect model was selected on the basis of Hausman specification test for the panel data analysis. The results of this study support the sustainability-saving nexus for SAARC nations. This study suggest policymakers and financial institutions to pave the way for providing better investment opportunities for sustainable practices both at corporate and national levels. Hence, by doing so, Sustainable Development Goal 13 (climate action) can be supported.
Panel Data, Fixed Effects, Random Effects, Carbon Emissions, Financial Development, Gross Savings, SAARC.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kaifi Azam, Syed Mohd Shahzeb (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analyzing Revenue Performance Of Municipal Corporations In India
Municipal corporations constitute the third tier of government and increasing urbanisation has led to a massive demand for urban infrastructure which in turn underlines the need for adequate revenue provisioning. The paper has focused on the revenue performance employing two ratios viz ratio of own revenues to revenue receipts and, own revenues to revenue expenditure which reflect the revenue raising ability, fiscal autonomy and ability to support current expenditure for the time period 2019-20 to 202-23. The results indicate that on an average municipal corporations are able to raise and finance only 53-54 percent of their revenue requirements and hence there is a significant reliance on funds from the State and central government. The results of clustering analysis reiterates the findings on spatial effects.
municipal finances, revenue performance, spatial dependence, clustering, club convergence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Swati Raju (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determinants of Ethical and Scalable AI for the Sustainable Development Goals: A Qualitative Framework from the Global South
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is poised to aid in implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) where developmental challenges are most evident. Yet the ethical, logistical, and governance challenges of applying AI in these settings remain underexplored. This research examines the factors that enable the scalable and ethically responsible deployment of AI in education, healthcare, and clean energy, contributing to SDG achievement. It also examines the changing nature of accountability, assurance and transparency in the sustainability reporting systems with the adoption of AI. Data collection was based on inductive exploratory design whereby semi-structured interviews were conducted on 37 actors (AI developers, policymakers, and community representatives) in five countries (India, Kenya, Bangladesh, Ghana and the Philippines). Thematic analysis identified four major themes influencing AI adoption: ethical concerns (e.g., bias, transparency), adoption barriers (e.g., infrastructure gaps, digital illiteracy), success enablers (e.g., institutional capacity, community involvement), and governance bottlenecks (e.g., lack of oversight, policy fragmentation). The findings, interpreted through accountability and assurance theory, show how ethical design, institutional readiness, and governance quality jointly determine the reliability and legitimacy of AI-driven sustainability data. Based on these insights, the paper develops a conceptual model for context-sensitive and ethically sound AI systems. The framework serves as a diagnostic and prescriptive tool for inclusive policy design, stakeholder engagement, and capacity-building. By extending accounting theory into the digital domain, it conceptualizes AI as both a technological and ethical actor within sustainability accounting systems, reinforcing transparency, comparability, and stakeholder trust.
Artificial Intelligence; Sustainable Development Goals; Accountability; Assurance; Ethics; Sustainability Accounting, Policy Framework
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Diwakar Chaudhary, Dr. Rashi Bhati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Accounting Information in Economic Decision-Making: A Market-Based Theoretical Perspective
ccounting information is a central determinant of economic decision-making that guides investor choice, capital resource allocation, and market efficiency. This article is an integrative market-based theoretical framework that synthesizes concepts from agency theory, signaling theory, and information economics to address how accounting information shapes economic outcomes. The methodology uses conceptual synthesis through secondary sources in top-impact journals. The findings indicate that accounting information plays multifaceted roles such as mitigating information asymmetry, improving governance, and enabling correct valuation. Tables and models present the differential application of accounting information by investors, creditors, and managers, and its fit with decision theory. The evidence also highlights the mediating influence of institutional variables like audit quality and regulatory requirements. This theoretical model improves insight into accounting's effect on firm-level and macroeconomic choices. The findings provide implications for practice, policy, and future research in a fast-changing financial reporting landscape.
Accounting Information, Economic Decision-Making, Market-Based Theory, Financial Reporting, Information Asymmetry
Copyright (c) 2025 Jitendra Kumar Chaurasiya, Ms. Haritha Girish, Pooja Kapoor, Dr. Mohammad Abdul Saleem, Monika Mittal, Dr. Manjula Khulbe (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluating Intention-Linked Post-M&A Performance of the Indian Banks: Effect of Indian Regulatory Developments
The banking sector is rapidly consolidating, yet the motivating intentions and performance impacts of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) remain unclear, which the present study examines in the context of Indian banking sector from 2015 to 2019. Using a one-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test, this research identifies multiple intentions for M&As, including synergy realization, efficiency-seeking, enhancing size to become globally competitive, improving NPAs and risk management, meeting the economy's funding needs, increasing the bank's revenue, market-seeking, offering quality products and services, and enhancing technological resources. This study presents a method for analyzing the thoughts of banking personnel to examine the intentions driving banking M&As. It emphasizes that the banking sector has unique intentions distinct from those of other organizations in different industries. This study contributes to accounting theory and corporate governance by integrating regulatory developments like (Ind AS) Indian Accounting Standards and the norms of the India (RBI) Reserve Bank of into an intention-linked performance evaluation model to evaluate Post-M&A performance of merged banks. It develops a framework connecting M&A intentions: to increase the bank's revenue, meet the economy's funding needs, enhance the size to become globally competitive, and exercise better NPA and risk management, to Post-M&A performance metrics: credit availability, profitability, asset size, and Gross NPAs. A paired sample t-test reveals that the M&As have an insignificant impact on these metrics of the merged banks three years following the M&A, nevertheless, regulatory developments may play a significant role. The study offers implications for accounting standards, auditors, and governance codes.
Mergers and Acquisitions, questionnaire survey, Intention-linked Post-M&A performance evaluation, Regulatory norms, Mergers and Acquisitions intentions, Indian accounting standards, Indian banking sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gurkirandeep Kaur, Dr. Rakesh Kumar Sharma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Fusion of Climate and Cost: Effects of Climate and Price Index on Accounting-Based Performance Measurement
This study advanced the understanding of managerial accounting performance indicators by analyzing the joint impact of climatic variations and price indices on Spanish hotels. This analysis used a nonlinear regression framework with tensor product smooth functions to capture dynamic interactions between temperature, rainfall, and pricing decisions based on accounting frameworks. The focus of the study was to determine how these interactions affect accounting-based performance measurement across different hotel categories, from one-star to five-star. This study reveals significant nonlinear effects of climatic variables on accounting performance and observes that managerial accounting performance indicators are contingent on pricing strategies and hotel categories. Luxury hotels exhibit higher variability in fluctuations, whereas budget hotels are less affected due to their inelastic demand, influencing accounting performance metrics. Therefore, this study extended the cost management theory by integrating the accounting performance of the hospitality sector on account of the fusion of climate variability and prices across different hotel categories. This study contributes to accounting frameworks and cost management theory by linking climate and pricing effects to decision-making in accounting. The findings provide implications for accounting thought and performance measurement in sustainability contexts.
Managerial Accounting, Cost Behavior, Performance Measurement, Accounting Theory, Sustainability Accounting
Copyright (c) 2025 Upasana Mitra, Deepanwita Datta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Efficacy Of Agricultural Loans On Crop Productivity: A Sustainability Accounting Perspective From Indian Small And Marginal Farmers
The global population continues to rise, while agricultural productivity has not kept pace. Ensuring food security requires higher production supported by access to quality seeds, fertilizers, irrigation, and modern technology all dependent on adequate credit. This study examines the impact of farm loans on the crop productivity of small and marginal farmers in Telangana State, India, and tests the moderating effect of technology adoption. Beyond its economic focus, the research conceptualizes agricultural loans as financial mechanisms that enhance accountability, sustainable performance, and efficient resource use within a sustainability accounting framework. Data were collected using a convenience sampling method from selected districts of Telangana. Instrument validity and reliability were confirmed through pilot testing, Cronbach’s alpha, and sample adequacy tests (KMO and Bartlett). The proposed model was validated through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Smart PLS. Findings reveal that agricultural loans significantly improve crop productivity, while technology adoption strengthens this effect. The integration of financial access and technology promotes sustainable and accountable agricultural outcomes. The study provides insights for policymakers to design credit systems aligned with farmers’ needs and promote responsible resource utilization through technological support. The research is limited to selected districts in Telangana State.
Accountability framework, agricultural loans, crop productivity, farmer income, marginal farmers, sustainability accounting, Telangana
Copyright (c) 2025 Bandarupally Ravi, Dr. Giridhari Mohanta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study on Ethical Implications, Trust, and Audit Reliability in AI Assisted Accounting: An Extended UTAUT Perspective in Emerging Economies
Purpose: This paper examines how ethical perception and trust shape the adoption and reliability of artificial intelligence systems in accounting and auditing, particularly within emerging economies. It extends the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to incorporate ethical and trust-based dimensions that influence professional acceptance beyond functional factors. Design/methodology/approach: A conceptual framework is proposed by integrating ethical perception and trust into the traditional UTAUT model. The framework highlights their moderating and mediating roles in linking performance expectancy, behavioural intention, and audit reliability. Insights from existing literature and theoretical reasoning support the development of this extended model. Findings: The study argues that AI adoption in professional accounting contexts is both a technological and moral process. Ethical perception strengthens trust, and together they enhance responsible adoption, critical engagement, and audit reliability. The framework positions moral legitimacy and institutional trust as essential conditions for sustainable AI integration. Practical implications: For practitioners and audit firms, embedding ethical design principles, algorithmic transparency, and human oversight in AI systems can foster greater trust and accountability. For regulators, establishing AI audit assurance frameworks and updating ethical codes can help manage risks associated with automation in professional judgment. Social implications: The framework emphasises the need for ethical governance and professional readiness in emerging economies, where rapid technological adoption can outpace institutional safeguards. Promoting ethical AI awareness can strengthen confidence in technology and enhance the integrity of financial reporting. Originality/value: This paper contributes to technology adoption literature by reconceptualising AI use in accounting as an ethically anchored process. It shifts the discussion from efficiency and usability to accountability, transparency, and professional trust, offering a foundation for future empirical studies in emerging markets.
Artificial Intelligence in Accounting, Ethical Perception, Trust in AI, Audit Reliability, Technology Adoption (UTAUT Model)
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Vineeta Mishra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Linking Governance Quality to Financial Sustainability: Insights from Corporate Finance and Accounting Research
This study examines the relationship between governance quality and financial sustainability by integrating insights from corporate finance and accounting research. Using a panel dataset of publicly listed firms, the results show that stronger governance frameworks enhance financial performance, with a one-point increase in the governance index resulting in a 0.42-point rise in Return on Assets, a 0.55-point increase in Return on Equity, and a 0.36-point improvement in Tobin’s Q ratio. The results also indicate that accounting quality partially mediates this relationship (β = 0.18, p < 0.05), improving reporting transparency and investor confidence. Additionally, firms in highly regulated sectors exhibit superior governance practices and achieve better sustainability outcomes compared to less regulated industries.
Corporate Governance, Financial Sustainability, Accounting Quality, Structural Equation Modeling, Organizational Performance
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Manoj P. K., Advocate Varun Goel, Raja Ghosh, Dr. Maanish Chava, Dr. Amit Kansal, Dr. Priyanka Bhatt, Er Ankita Mongia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sectoral Analysis Of Key Sectors Of Indian Markets Using Discounted Cashflow Valuations
This study looks into the use and application of the discounted cash flow (DCF) method for valuing firms across various industries. When valuing a company using the DCF method, future cash flows are predicted and a risk-adjusted discount rate is applied to estimate intrinsic value. However, the effectiveness of this method is highly dependent on the industry in question. The study analyzes DCF valuations and market price comparisons across sectors including Banking and Financial Services, Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals, Information Technology, Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCGs), and Automobiles. It is also worth mentioning that Healthcare and especially the IT industry are sectors with stable revenues and, thus, more predictable cash flows. In contrast, the FMCG and Automobile industries contain more intangible assets and exhibit more volatile cash flows on a cyclical basis. The Financial Services industry also has cash flow volatility due to direct dependence on regulatory and economic cycles. The primary conclusion of such studies published is that while DCF can capture value, the precision with which they do so is industry specific and in certain industries, a multi-model approach including other models will be necessary to capture the value of the firm.
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF), Intrinsic Valuation, Sectoral Analysis, Valuation Accuracy, Sensitivity Analysis
Copyright (c) 2025 Prof. Amit Bathia, Mr. Rushil Jhaveri, Ms. Sakhi Baid, Ms. Drishti Bist, Ms. Gauri Shelke (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Analysis of Global versus Indian IPO Markets Through Top 10 IPOs since liberalisation and globalisation of Indian Economy
A key mechanism in the financial markets, initial public offerings (IPOs) let private businesses raise money by first-time public share sales. Between private ownership and public trading, IPOs act as a link allowing companies to thrive, innovate, and expand economically. Reflecting more general economic trends, regulatory changes, investor attitude, and technological developments, worldwide IPO markets have changed dramatically throughout the years. Still, regional performance, legal environment, and investor behaviour in IPO markets vary. Examining their dynamics, problems, and possibilities, this research seeks to offer a comparison of the worldwide and Indian IPO markets. Policymakers, investors, financial analysts, and business decision-makers among other broad groups of stakeholders depend on an awareness of IPO markets. By channelling capital to high-potential businesses, therefore promoting innovation and job creation, a well-functioning IPO market can dramatically affect economic growth. By offering a thorough comparative analysis of worldwide and Indian IPO markets, the results of this study will add to the body of knowledge already in use and highlight important elements like macroeconomic conditions, investor attitude, regulatory frameworks, and post-IPO success. Especially in developing nations like India, the study seeks to offer insightful analysis of possible legislative changes, investment strategies, and best practices that can increase market efficiency. This paper aims to provide practical suggestions based on analysing the subtleties of IPO markets across various economic settings, therefore strengthening and sustaining capital markets.
Initial Public Offerings (IPOs); Capital Markets; Economic Growth; Regulatory Framework; Market Efficiency; Global IPO Trends; Indian IPO Market; Post-IPO Performance; Comparative Analysis; Emerging Markets
Copyright (c) 2025 Prof. Amit Bathia, Dr. Malcolm Homavazir, Prof. Hardik Pathak (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Green Banking and the Shift in Environmental Accountability: A FinTech-Accounting Integration
Financial sector digital transformation has supported the emergence of green banking by combining environmental concerns with sustainability-focused financial operations. Management accounting, more accountable for environmental cost monitoring and performance assessment, offers a critical platform for internal accountability. This study aims to investigate how digital green banking practices enabled by FinTech tools can be integrated into management accounting systems to enhance environmental accountability. A mixed-methods design was used, which integrated quantitative surveys of 200 respondents with qualitative interviews and secondary analysis of data. Findings show that adoption of FinTech enhances the accuracy of environmental costs, reporting timeliness, and budgeting for sustainability, with statistical testing yielding statistically significant associations. Case-based evidence reveals diverse uses across commercial, development, and cooperative banks, with quantifiable gains in accountability and efficiency. Evidence indicates that integrating digital green banking transforms the function of management accounting, promoting it as a key enabler for the integration of sustainability into strategic decision-making.
Digital Green Banking, Management Accounting, Environmental Accountability, FinTech Integration, Sustainability Performance
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Manoj P. K., Advocate Varun Goel, Radhika Sandhad, Ankita Mongia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of HR Analytics in Enhancing Organizational Agility: A Theoretical Exploration and Empirical Evidence
Organizational agility has become a critical capability for sustaining competitiveness in rapidly changing environments. This study explores the role of human resource analytics in enhancing agility by theorizing how data-driven insights transform human resource practices into strategic enablers of adaptability. Drawing on dynamic capabilities theory, the resource-based view, and strategic human resource management perspectives, the research develops a conceptual model that positions human resource analytics at the core of sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring processes. A conceptual and theory-building design was adopted rather than an empirical approach, integrating insights from prior scholarship to construct a refined framework. The results reveal that human resource analytics strengthens sensing capability by predicting workforce shifts, improves seizing capability through evidence-based decision-making, and enhances reconfiguring capability by supporting flexible redeployment and continuous reskilling. The framework further identifies leadership support and ethical governance as critical moderators that shape the extent of these relationships. Five theoretically grounded propositions summarize these linkages and provide a roadmap for empirical validation. The study contributes by repositioning human resource analytics from an operational tool to a strategic capability, highlighting the importance of contextual enablers, and offering guidance for both scholars and practitioners seeking to advance organizational adaptability in dynamic environments.
Human Resource Analytics, Organizational Agility, Dynamic Capabilities, Strategic Human Resource Management, Ethical Governance, Workforce Reskilling
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Mayank Mathur, Praveendas K, Dr. Abhilasha Sharma, Surya Kant Sharma, Sunita Mehta, Dr. Sayak Gupta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence Of Financial Literacy On Managerial Efficiency And Business Outcome
The current volatile economic environment needs more than just intuition and experience to navigate through successfully; a solid diet of financial literacy is needed to give strategic direction and provide enterprise sustenance. This paper examines the role of financial literacy in determining the effectiveness of management and consequently the business performance among the small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs). Financial literacy is proposed according to a resource-based theoretical framework as an adaptive skill, which enhances efficiency of decision-making and operations. Cross sectional survey design was used to obtain data of 379 SME owners and senior managers representing multi-industrial sector companies. The direct and mediated correlation of financial literacy, managerial efficiency, and business outcomes was evaluated through the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the utilization of AMOS. The measurement model had good fit statistics (RMSEA = 0.045; CFI = 0.958; TLI = 0.944) and thus shows that the hypothesized structure is valid. The findings indicated that financial literacy boosted the efficiency of managers (b = 0.61, p < 0.001) that exerted a favorable impact on business performance (b = 0.53, p < 0.001). Whereas the direct relation, between financial literacy and performance, was also significant (p < 0.05, 0.27), the indirect effect, via efficacy at managerial performance, was stronger. These discoveries further validate financial literacy as a strategic capability needed to effectively practice as a manager and continuously achieve balance enterprise success goals. The study recommends the integration of formal and full financial education programs in SME development programs and the need of future follow-up and technologically oriented studies to enhance the existing knowledge of financial capability in dynamic business world.
Financial Literacy, Managerial Efficiency, Business Outcome, SMEs, Structural Equation Modeling, Decision-Making Capability
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Surendar Gade, Dr. Gauri Modwel, Dr. Rajesh Kumar, Jivanjot Singh, Dr Priyanka Bhatt (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Advanced Variance Analysis Of Functions Containing Quotients: Avoiding Information Loss From Treating Ratios As A Single Variable
Variance analysis calculations are commonly performed on a two-variable product. In cases of the original function being a three-variable quotient, often the first step is to divide one variable in the numerator by another variable in the denominator, resulting in one new, aggregate variable replacing the original two. Such reduction to a two-variable function leads to a loss of information. This article presents models designed to avoid the aggregation of variables, to be used with only original variables. The models incorporate the concept of responsibility centers, allowing for a more appropriate set of variance analysis calculations for the firm.
Copyright (c) 2025 Craig Sorochuk (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Mixed-Methods Assessment of Technological and Financial Inclusion among Rural and Marginalized Entrepreneurs: Evidence from Tamil Nadu, India.
This study investigates the structural and systemic barriers constraining entrepreneurship in Tamil Nadu, with a particular focus on rural and semi-urban regions where inclusion remains limited. Employing a convergent mixed-methods approach, the research integrates quantitative survey data from 350 entrepreneurs with qualitative insights derived from interviews and focus group discussions. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, regression, ANOVA, and t-tests, were used to evaluate disparities in infrastructure, access to formal credit, digital adoption, and participation in government initiatives. The findings reveal substantial regional inequalities, with rural entrepreneurs experiencing pronounced challenges related to energy supply, road connectivity, financial accessibility, and technological engagement. Participants in government programs such as the Start-up Village Entrepreneurship Programme (SVEP) demonstrated comparatively stronger business performance, although program outreach and implementation remain inconsistent. The study underscores the necessity for region-specific, digitally inclusive, and gender-responsive policy reforms. Addressing these persistent disparities is essential to fostering an equitable, accountable, and sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Rural entrepreneurship; financial inclusion; digital divide; women entrepreneurs; public policy
Copyright (c) 2025 B. Dhana Lakshmi, Gajavelli Venkateshwara (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact Of International Financial Reporting Standards On Accounting Professionals And Stake Holders
This study appearances at how Indian businesses are pretentious with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) which had been officially announced by Ministry of Corporate Affairs of India on 1st April, 2012 for global expansion but, IFRS regime had been started to implementation in phased manner during from 2015 to 2017 and implemented successfully in India in fourth phases. Global market expansion is beneficial from an economic standpoint because it encourages the expansion of the nation's foreign trade. In order to adhere to a set of universally accepted standards, actually, the Indian Accounting Standards that have been converged with IFRS. The present study has employed the quantitative research methodology in order to achieve its objectives. Since the goal was to examine the IFRS regime in India to identify the IFRS operation that impact on accounting professionals and stake-holders. This study also highlights the findings with reference to the analytical results.
IFRS, Companies Act, Accounting Standards, Economic Growth and Global Market.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Balaji Bhovi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0