A Mixed-Methods Assessment of Technological and Financial Inclusion among Rural and Marginalized Entrepreneurs: Evidence from Tamil Nadu, India.
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This study investigates the structural and systemic barriers constraining entrepreneurship in Tamil Nadu, with a particular focus on rural and semi-urban regions where inclusion remains limited. Employing a convergent mixed-methods approach, the research integrates quantitative survey data from 350 entrepreneurs with qualitative insights derived from interviews and focus group discussions. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, regression, ANOVA, and t-tests, were used to evaluate disparities in infrastructure, access to formal credit, digital adoption, and participation in government initiatives. The findings reveal substantial regional inequalities, with rural entrepreneurs experiencing pronounced challenges related to energy supply, road connectivity, financial accessibility, and technological engagement. Participants in government programs such as the Start-up Village Entrepreneurship Programme (SVEP) demonstrated comparatively stronger business performance, although program outreach and implementation remain inconsistent. The study underscores the necessity for region-specific, digitally inclusive, and gender-responsive policy reforms. Addressing these persistent disparities is essential to fostering an equitable, accountable, and sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem.
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